Blogs - Blogging for Change Essay examples -- Internet Online Communic

Blogging for ChangeHistory itself has always fundamentally been encompassed by the history of written material. Before writing there was no history, but ever since then writing has shaped it in complicated and far reaching ways. The progression of writing, from simply a regularity of counting left to the elites in society to a universal communication system that allows people to share and explain ideas, has had tremendous historical implications. With the invention of the computer, came the net income and in turn the web log. The web log is a new platform for writers to communicate with. It can allow for a running correspondence among people complete with remarks and instant access. The question is what does this new software tool mean for the history of writing? If using a web log becomes coarse spread it would result in a gradual change in the way which people write. People would base their writing on their feelings and emotions rather than tenacious arguments. Howev er, despite all the irrational statements, the exposure to other peoples ideas would stimulate debate about contr all oversial issues and help people understand the details about composite topics so that they could better formulate their own opinions. Despite any immediate accessibility to web logs, changes like this are not going to happen over night. It give take time and people will have to change their ha consequences, but it could happen.To understand the direction that writing will take with the introduction of blogging technology, the posterior of writing must be discussed first. The invention of writing first came about in Sumerian civilization as a means to count various(a) goods, and the progression of the writing in Sumer developed from roughly 8000 to 3000 B.C. (S... ...et said and discussed, even the bad ideas, so that they can be acknowledged and refuted. Discussions on controversial topics will expose people to new points of view and culturally enrich their thinking and give them a better understanding of the world.The stereotypical lazy uninformed ripe day citizen could become aware of issues around the world and more politically active with wide spread use of the blog. In a world where everybody is laboured to discuss things, where there is not any option besides discussion, it seems like peace is possible. Maybe if the real world were just a little bit more like a blog, where violence just simply is not an option, then the world would really know what it is like to be civilized.Works CitedSchmandt-Beeserat, From history to Written Language in The Social Construction of Written Communication (pp. 119-130)

Killing :: essays research papers

Last night In the still of the night Santiagos crying cut astutely like a knife. His crying was relentless, as though it would never end but then, a child of three knows no other way to express his horror. Abraham Naser walked down the narrow street made of hardened earth and nothing more. His dress was pure class, white blazer and pants with matching wide brimmed hat. lost in thought he rolled his cigar between his lips, then, as if in a motion as natural to him as his tendency to smile at beautiful women, he adjusted his gun stuffed tightly in the back of his waist bond. It was then when Abraham ran into the women he knew would change his life the women who would be his wife Arabic coffee tasted for the first tome is surpassing and strong, but soon, it turns soothing and sweet. Placida Lineros head snapped back at her first taste, and they both laughed. Their eyes spore of there long future day from across the small round t able. The caf had been Abrahams idea, but it was now Placida who didnt want the moment to end, ever. Walking down the isle had been Placida dream since she was a smaller girl. In Spain girls are brought up to make mariace a priority. For Abraham, on the other hand, an Arab male of wealth turn of the century Spain, life had always meant just the opposite. A man of festivities, of party and exultation, Abraham loved his boos, cigars, and women. And not necessary in that order. He felt and, not a beginning to his life. Placida was a spark of light, beauty able to contain her joy news spilled like a flood. Abraham finds he is happier than he had ever been, but battle with the confession of his changing life. In his excitement, Abraham rushed bring out to the baby hold on. There, a beautiful radon haired young women, eyes blue then the sea, assists him in selecting a crib of finished wood and white lace. The celebration that night will be remembered for all time. The drinking, the smoking, the guilt, the self-loathing and the broken pro mise. He could not explain even to himself how another chance meetingwith the young women from the baby store now stood to destroy his life. How could he have been so foolish he asked himself?

A Crossing of Old and New: Riddle 55 of the Exeter Book Essay -- Riddl

A Crossing of Old and New riddle 55 of the Exeter Book I saw in the hall, where heroes drank,carried onto the floor a wondrous woodtreeof four kinds and wound gold,cunningly fastened treasure, and part of silver5 and the sign of the cross, which He raised the ladderfor us to heaven before He stormed the city of the inhabitants of hell. I can easily tell before noblemen the origin of this treethere was maple and oak and the hard yew10 and the dark holly All together they were usefulto the L(l)ord All have one name,gallows that often warded off (received)a weapon for its liege lord, a treasure in the hall,a gold-hilted sword. Now show me the answer 15 of this song, he who presumes to say in words how the wood is called. Most of the riddles contained in the Exeter Book have been answered to the gratification of the majority Anglo-Saxon scholars. One that continues to elude a definitive answer, however, is Riddle 55. Several solutions have been suggested, but only three have received fine consideration. Dietrich first offered the solution as scabbard, explaining, The scabbard is richly decorated and divided into quarters by a cross, probably each quarter was made of a diverse wood (qtd. in Taylor 497). Craig Williamson refutes this answer by pointing out that Anglo-Saxon shields were lined with leather or fleece and sometimes covered with cloth. In addition, the structural flunk of such a hybrid should be obvious (Williamson 307). Another solution, suggested by Leibermann, is sword rack, to which Williamson remarks, there is no evidence in Old incline or in Anglo-Saxon archaeology for the existence of an early English sword rack. There i... ...old as Christs deputy to their thanes. In any case, Riddle 55 deserves all the attention it has received from scholars. Works CitedChaney, William A. The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England The Transitionfrom Paganism to Christianity. Berkeley U of California P, 1970.Chickering, Howell D., Jr., ed., trans. Beowulf . New York Anchor Books, 1977.Crossley-Holland, Kevin, ed., trans. The Anglo-Saxon World An Anthology.Oxford Oxford UP, 1982.Mitchell, Bruce, and Fred C Bruce, eds. A Guide to Old English. 5th ed. OxfordBlackwell, 1992.Taylor, Keith P. Mazers, Mead, and the Wolfs-head tree A Reconsideration ofOld English Riddle 55. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 94.4 (1995) 497-512.Williamson, Craig, ed. The Old English Riddles of the Exeter Book. Chapel HillU of North Carolina P, 1977.

Genesis Chapters 5-9 Essay -- Bible Religion Genesis Religious Essays

genesis Chapters 5-9The Lord saw that the wickedness of mercifulkind was great in the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts was still evil continually. And the Lord was sorry that he had made humankind on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart. So the lord said, I will blot out from the earth the human macrocosms I have created-people together with animals and creeping things and birds of the air, for I am sorry that I have made them. But Noah found favor in the dope of the Lord.(Genesis 65-8)In this essay I will take an interpretive look at Genesis chapters 5-9. The main focuses will be the relationship amongst divinity fudge, Noah, and Noahs generation of mankind the barriers and boundaries for humankind that were present and created by divinity fudge in these chapters, the characteristics of God throughout the text and the overall importance and message of this course in the Bible. In the days of old -when life could reach more than nine hu ndred years- sons of god(62), angels and warriors ruled the earth. One walked the righteous path in the land of the wicked one saw the gentleness of the Lord. In these chapters of Genesis, God is happen uponn as an active participant in the story. Through His words and interactions, we can see that His character and relationship towards man is ever-changing and evolving. God is a ruler with expectations. What He had sought out to create in mankind was not being represented, all He saw was evil all the time.(65) In Genesis 66 we see a God that feels pain from a broken heart. From the grief he has sustained, he demands judgment and justice. His decision and reaction is to destroy all that He has created.(67) The Lords character here is repentant, judgmental and a potential destroyer. In His grief He finds favor for one man Noah.(68) Though it was only one man in an entire generation, we see the grace of God present here. Because of Noah, God finds himself modifying his plans, the p lanned destruction becomes a reconstruction of this earth.(Harper Collins, Study Bible, Notes pp.13) In Genesis chapter 6, we begin to see a God that is forewarning. The fall of life, to that of one hundred and twenty years, is a disciplinary measure taken due to His displeasure with humankind. This punishment was a warning in and of itself. In Genesis 613, God gives a direct warning to Noah ab... ...his creating of the flood. If not for Noah there would have been no human community left at all. Though near may disagree with me, I believe the decreasing of the human life span to be the biggest boundary God has ever put on mankind. in addition the spirit of God, what is more than life itself in this existence of being?Most everyone knows something about the story of Noah and the great flood. It is one of the most illustrated and common stories from the Bible. The knowledge that God was angry, Noah built an ark to carry animals and then there was a flood that killed everything. Th ough this is the basic picture of the story, it does not capture alone the main point of the story. Gods saving grace is the message. Believe and follow in the path of the Lord and salvation will be yours. All of Gods characteristics and boundaries he conveyed spawn off of the following of this or the ignoring of His omnipotent power and being. Just like in much of the text in the Bible, you have to read betwixt the lines to find the meaning the same is true for Genesis 5-9. Works Cited Meeks, Wayne A., ed. The Harper Collins Study Bible. New York Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 1993.

The marketing of the Bridge Cafe Buffets is aimed towards all age groups. :: Business and Management Studies

The marketing of the duo Cafe Buffets is aimed towards all age groups. As the Bridge is part of the church buffets are offered for weddingsINTRODUCTIONThis compensate was commissioned by Mrs A Bernard to show my pinchof the tools, techniques and ideas presented in the marketing module. The report go away cover marketing orientation, practice approach, impactand buyer behaviour. growing of marketing segments and themarketing mix.To display my understanding I have used the Bridge Caf, which hasbeen trading for eighteen months and is expanding its services. It ispart of the Christ Church community outreach programme and is designedto offer good food at a very reasonable price.The marketing of the Bridge Cafe Buffets is aimed towards all agegroups. As the Bridge is part of the church buffets are offered forweddings, birthdays, christenings, blessings and funerals as well asfamily functions and also as part of the conference facilities. Withsuch a wide age throw up of customers the marketing has to appeal to ahuge range of people from a variation of backgrounds. The service theBridge offers can be tailor made to hold out to the clients needs andtaste as well as a pre defined transportation of various prices. With theability to meet with clients for a to a greater extent personal touch or bytelephone, fax or e-mail for a faster more efficient service we canstay ahead in research and the development as trends change anddifferent age groups have different tastes. We know our customers aswe all eat and have an understanding of different diets and customsrelating to religion. The clients that have already used the BridgeBuffets Service have found it easier to approach them to arrange atailor designed menu for their guests as the staff are veryapproachable and are willing to spend time talking to the clients andtheir needs and desires. With this type of relationship with theclient it is hoped that they will use the service again. The buffetservice prides itself on producing home made and home baked productsfresh to the client, which is catered to all sized buffets. Buffetscan be unionised at short notice (twenty four hours) and still upholdthe same home made traditions. The marketing in practice fits in with the definition market isthe management process which identifies, anticipates and suppliescustomer requirements efficiently and profitably (The CharteredInstitute of Marketing) as the client is in contact with a seniormember of the team up who knows and understand both the client needs andthe practical aspect of the catering team.

The marketing of the Bridge Cafe Buffets is aimed towards all age groups. :: Business and Management Studies

The market of the tie Cafe Buffets is aimed towards all age groups. As the tide over is part of the church buffets are offered for weddingsINTRODUCTIONThis report was commissioned by Mrs A Bernard to show my understandingof the tools, techniques and ideas presented in the marketing module. The report will top side marketing orientation, practice come up, impactand buyer behaviour. Development of marketing segments and themarketing mix.To display my understanding I have used the twain Caf, which hasbeen trading for 18 months and is expanding its services. It ispart of the Christ Church community outreach program and is designedto offer good food at a very reasonable price.The marketing of the Bridge Cafe Buffets is aimed towards all agegroups. As the Bridge is part of the church buffets are offered forweddings, birthdays, christenings, blessings and funerals as well asfamily functions and also as part of the convocation facilities. Withsuch a wide age range of customers the ma rketing has to appeal to ahuge range of people from a variation of backgrounds. The service theBridge offers can be tailor made to fit to the clients needs andtaste as well as a pre defined bill of fare of various prices. With theability to meet with clients for a more(prenominal) personal touch or bytelephone, fax or e-mail for a faster more efficient service we canstay ahead in research and the development as trends change anddifferent age groups have different tastes. We be intimate our customers aswe all eat and have an understanding of different diets and customsrelating to religion. The clients that have already used the BridgeBuffets Service have found it easier to approach them to arrange atailor designed menu for their guests as the staff are veryapproachable and are willing to spend time lecture to the clients andtheir needs and desires. With this type of relationship with theclient it is hoped that they will use the service again. The buffetservice prides itself on pr oducing home made and home baked products new-fashioned to the client, which is catered to all sized buffets. Buffetscan be organised at short notice (twenty four hours) and still upholdthe same home made traditions. The marketing in practice fits in with the definition Marketing isthe management process which identifies, anticipates and suppliescustomer requirements efficiently and profitably (The CharteredInstitute of Marketing) as the client is in contact with a seniormember of the team who knows and understand both the client needs andthe practical aspect of the catering team.

Ejlert Lovborg and Hedda Gabler direction and casting

Briefly outline your casting ideas for the roles of Hedda and Ejlert Lvborg and then explain how you would charge your actors, in the scenes in which they appear together, in order to reveal their complex feelings for one another.As a director I would direct this play to have a naturalistic style. The play should be as though the audience were watching a small slice of the lives being lived in the Tesman house. Therefore I would use realistic furnishings.For the role of Hedda Gabler I would cast an actor able to show military inheritance through stature, bearing and voice. Hedda would have perfect, aristocratic posture, an air of arrogance and power, and a strong, manipulating voice. As compose in the stage directions, the actor would be a lady of 29 or thereabouts. She would be tall and slim have steel grey eyes, and strong point brown hair, not particularly ample, which would be put up in a loose bun. Hedda would wear dark coloured satin dresses. She would speak with a behindha nd pace and leave pauses, so as to keep the other characters waiting on her words. Her wit would be dry.The actor who would play Ejlert Lvborg would be 33 years old. He would be quite slim, with short dark hair, bright green eyes, and a short beard. He would be dressed in a dark, fitting, three piece suit, quite new, with a matching top hat. He would be pale, with definitive cheekbones. He would have fast paced delivery of lines and a pathetic pitch. His most prized possession would be the manuscript for his new book, which is his child with Thea Elvsted.As a rehearsal process I would ask the actors to write down their previous birth before the actual written play starts. I would ask them to improvise scenes which are linked with there previous lives. For example when Hedda was about to shoot Ejlert when they were younger. I would also ask the actors to write their biography for their characters.During Act two where Hedda and Lvborg first meet in the play, Lvborg seems a little em barrassed. I would direct the actor playing Hedda to show her boredom with Brack and Tesman just before Lvborg enters. When Lvborg comes in, Heddas change in mood would be sudden, her eyes would light up and her body language would show excitement. Hedda would be stimulated by the situation unfolding before her. When Thea arrives she will be able to play. As Hedda takes the album from the desk, I would direct the actor to not look at Lvborg but at Brack and Tesman. As she sits Lvborg would move closer and take a quarter next to her, not once taking his eyes off her. whence whispering to her, HeddaGabler. His expression would show that he is unchangingness in love with her. As Heddas next line, Now Sh would be said with a smile, shes happy she still has a hold over him and she can manipulate him. We see how Lvborg is still infatuated with her as he is disgusted with Hedda that she has thrown herself away like that. He also calls her dearest Hedda and darling Hedda, the actor woul d show how he wishes the surmount for her, and his desire to be loved by Hedda.When Mrs. Elvsted enters Hedda will be happy as she is now able to see how her actions will affect peoples lives. Although she doesnt quite accept Mrs. Elvsted and Lvborg to be as close. He says Ive inspired him, too, Heddas reaction to this line would be envy, she wanted to be the inspiration, she wanted to be at the heart of something exciting, preferably she is bored all day. When Lvborg declines the punch, he would look to Mrs. Elvsted with an expression of enthusiasm, Hedda would just look straight on at him with a false expression of admiration.Then Hedda smoothly changes tactic by adding that he must drink because of other people. As Mrs. Elvsted realises that Hedda is beginning to win the fight, the changes in status and moods between the characters would gain momentum. afterwards Hedda says that Mrs. Elvsted came around in a state of desperation, She would calm herself and relax back into the chair, whilst smiling between Mrs. Elvsted and Lvborg, and nod at Lvborg next line. Desperation, Lvborg would sit bolt up looking between Hedda and Mrs. Elvsted with a questioning look. The sudden turn in the situation would give Hedda joy, and fuel her to go on, Your dismission to a party, she has again found how to control Lvborg.In the final part of Act three, Hedda and Lvborg say goodbye for the last time. Just as Lvborg is about to leave, Hedda reaches her hand out in his direction and says, No Wait She moves across to the desk, and begins unlocking the pistol case as she says her following line. He stands there, motionless watching her, hoping she has the answer to all that is wrong, a look of hope in him. As she turns from the desk Lvborg is slightly disappointed that Hedda is carrying a pistol, she hands it to him slowly as she says, do you recognise it? He takes a slightly angry tone as he remarks that Hedda should have used it before. Hedda clasps her hands around his du ring the line comfortably You use it now, showing a small but significant sign of affection for Lvborg. When he leaves she would move slowly over to the stove momently stopping to retrieve the manuscript. The pulling up a chair she would begin to burn the manuscript, page by page, ripping each one with an audible tear. look her lines slowly with a sneer.During her time with Lvborg, we see that Hedda Gabler can show affection for others, and we also see her most manipulative side. The softly spoken vine leaves take to shows how Hedda controls others to gain the perfect circumstances for her dull life, these ideals of love give her happiness. When her ideals are not met, then her attitude changes and the characters are put into place until she is happy with what is contingency around her.

Sexism in Football Assessment

Sexism In Footb every Since time began, feminists worldwide capture demanded equal rights and yes, theyve probably said just about everything there is to say about sexism. We both dream of the solar day when women and men are treated with the same amount of respect, attention and understanding. But will this day ever come? Sexism should be non-existent and football game is no exception. Sexism can begin in the simplest of places a primary school for example. Picture this, a group of boys are contacting a football check in the school playground, one of the girls in the class decides to join the game.The boys are aware of her presence, but decide to ignore this fact and continue the match approximately her. She approaches the boys at the end of the match and asks Why didnt you pass the ball to me? In reply, one of the young Ronaldo-wannabes says Because youre a girl. Girls cant play football. What they dont know is that, in many years to come, she will become Englands best fem ale footballer, representing both Arsenal Ladies and the England National Team. original football clearly has a huge effect on society. Even as a fan of football, a woman can still be a target of sexism.The misconception that females watch the game solely for the hot guys, is present in the minds of most men. Although this isnt necessarily true for all women, the generalization is that all women look at like this and it is both offensive and inconsiderate. It is clear to all football fans that it is pointless to support a club because of a good-looking or specifically skilful player you have to love and believe in the whole group. Its obvious that a woman can love a team as much as any man can, shes capable of cheering and spurring her team on with the same amount of passion that any man could.Football is a game that is meant to unite. Bring the great unwashed together, no matter of their background or way of life. The beautiful game. So surely women should be consider and be as much of a part of the game as anyone else. Sexism at this level is fairly controllable. But its when it begins to affect peoples lives that it is unacceptable. Take for example, the ridiculous incident involving Sian Massey, the professional, fully qualified referee. The day when she assisted at the Liverpool vs Wolverhampton match.After making a correct offside call, she was wrongly criticised by commentators Andy grizzly and Richard Keys who mentioned that she didnt know the offside rule, due to the fact that shes a woman. Yet the male referee in the Germany vs England match last year didnt know what constitutes a goal? I dont think anyone based it on the fact that he was a man. Atrocious. But conflict likewise occurs off the pitch, with supporting roles, such as physiotherapists under attack. Sexism extends right to the top of the profession, as Sir Alex Ferguson proved in 1994, when a female physiotherapist applied for a job at Manchester United.She received a hurtful and ins ulting letter in reply that was completely and utterly out of touch with modern day thinking. He even had the audacity to say that his players didnt like the thought of women being involved in football. Surely, if a woman has the same training and sleep with as a man, she should have equal opportunity? 17 years on wed all like to think that this was a one-off incident and that women do have a role on and off the pitch, but for this to happen the whole laddish football culture needs to change. Money is a constantly debated field of force in the world of football from players wages to transfer fees.But the difference in the wages of male and female footballers is ridiculous. To give you a furious idea of the extent, Lionel Messi, the best male player in the world, earns roughly ? 35million a year, whereas Marta Vieria da Silva, the best female player in the world, earns roughly ? 255,000 a year. two these people play the same game, both represent their country and they were both r ecently voted as the best players in the world the only difference is their sex. So why does Messi get paid 100 times more than Marta? There are many campaigns running all over the country to promote womens football.Recently, 2011 X Factor finalists, Belle Amie, visited a local girls football match in Birmingham. They were happy to express their feelings about the matter with us We think its really important to support women in the football industry. As a predominantly male game its important to remind people that women can play the sport at a high level too. This sort of promotion will help to develop everyones understanding that women have a key part to play in the beautiful game and that there is no reason why football should still be a male-dominated game.

Holmes

Herman Webster Midget was the first American serial killer the terrorized Chicago in the late sasss, yet he was a slave to his own mind and his own disorders. Herman, who Is also famous as H. H. Holmes had two temper disorders that drove him to commit the actions that he committed. Evidence shows that Holmes had personality disorders comparable swollen-headed personality disorder and unsociable personality disorder. H. H Holmes shows signs of antisocial personality disorder in m whatever ways. To begin with, Midget started at an earlier age torturing animals (CNN).He used to be afraid of actors but one day he had an experience with a skeleton and after that he was changed forever. also in his famous castle there was remains of bodies in the basement with pure evidence of torture. It is evident that Dry. Holmes tortured these young women with no evidence of any remorse. (How Stuff Works). Dry. Holmes himself that he was slowly and slowly turning into the devil since he didnt fee l any remorse or anything of much(prenominal) towards his victims (H. H. Holmes Master of Illusion, chapter 17).The treatment for antisocial personality disorder Is very tricky but usually most actors use operant conditioning-rewarding the good actions and punishing the Illegal ones-(Notational Library of Medicine). Of course such treatment was not present In the time of Dry. Holmes so he had no way of getting help. Another personality disorder Dry. Holmes had was narcissistic personality disorder. Narcissistic personality disorder is when a person has an inflated self image and inflated goals that he will stop at nothing to deliver the goods them.This was the case with Midget, as a matter of fact, Herman killed his con-partner in order to perfect a con on an insurance company to get some scanty money. H. H. Holmes Master of Illusion, chapter 3). Having shown that he doesnt really care about his friend or anyone he supposedly had an emotional attachment with, he proved that he ha s narcissistic personality disorder. This might be caused by his fathers beating to him and his abuse. The only way to truly treat that Is through talk therapy so he can find out to form deeper connections with people he should be familiar Walt(Notational Library of Medicine).Again, this kind of treatment wasnt available in the time of Dry. H. H. Holmes so he had no opportunity to seek help. Some people might argue that Dry. Midget had a form of fetishism paraphernalia since he picked out his victims to be young blonde women. Thyrotrophic, or attraction you hair could have been the reason for his choice of victims (Right Diagnosis). The treatments of this include psychoanalysis, hypnosis, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, drug therapy(Relight Diagnosis). Its very unclear whether he had this disorder or not. All In all Dry. H H Holmes had a lot of personality disorders that led him to become the monster he was.

Lie and Story Tartuffe

Brenda Duran Honors English Mr. Carpenter Per. 2 Tartuffe In the story Tartuffe by Moliere, the audience can view many block characters. It seems as if every character had a foil, meaning opposite character. The two foils that most stood out were Tartuffe and Cleante. These characters show completely different personalities and everything about them is actually the opposite. cardinal is a hypocrite about religion and the other one is very pious. The more you learn about the characters, the more you realize how different they be. Cleante is both a wise man and a wise guy hes a perceptive, learned, and intellectual.Although he is very wise, is also very humble. Brother, I dont pretend to be a sage, Nor make I all the wisdom of the age. Theres just one insight I would dare to claim I know that true and false are non the same (1. 5. 9-11). Cleante spends most of his time telling Orgon how wrong he is about everything. He wants his brother-in-law to see the real Tartuffe, but Orgon i s ignorant about this entire situation. . He yells at his brother-in-law, Good God, man Have you lost your common sense / or is this all some joke at my expense? (1. 5. 7). Cleante is also a very pious man.Cleante remains the voice of reason and a role model for Christian behavior throughout the play. Moreover, his Christian sentiments are sincere. Tartuffes reputation precedes him. His let on is the title, and the characters of this play spend all their time talking about him. His fundamental lack of suavity is what makes Tartuffe a memorable character. He is an extremely hypocritical man. His failed seduction of Elmire is nothing short of pitiful. He actually tells her that hes no angel, as if that will make her see him, a supposedly holy man, in a hearty new light (3. . 29). Tartuffe pretends to be very pious but he is nothing but a phony. He says that committing adultery can be forgiven and is not that big of a deal. This of course is all lies. In conclusion, in Molieres st ory Tartuffe, we can see that these men are very different and are quite the foil characters. Cleante and Tartuffe is complete opposites. Cleante is the voice of reason and honestly and Tartuffe is just full of lies. Tartuffe is the most hypocritical man in this story. There is no honestly in him, when Cleante is full of it.

Airbnb Marketing Strategy Essay

INTRODUCTIONAirbnb, founded during the frugal d receiveturn of 2008, is one of many progressive businesses operating within the growing sh ard economy. Airbnb offers an alternative to the traditional hotel business and allows property owners, termed hosts, to advertise and rent their extra berth, be it a sp be room, flatcar or treeho subprogram. Guests search through the Airbnb website, read reviews and connect with hosts to find little conventional and, often more, affordable lodging. Key to Airbnbs business achiever is establishing a framework of trust on which both hosts and guests plunder rely, a arrangement Airbnb has developed through a strong marketing strategy and through circumstantial practices that support host and guest throughout the rental process. Building this framework of trust in the brass is a focus not just for Airbnb, save is also typical of a company operating in the new sharing economy.WHAT IS THE SHARING ECONOMY?The sharing economy is a new frugal opportunity for nodes to access goods whenever they be required at that moment with access trumping ownership. For example, if a person only uses a car once a month, they could rent a car from a sharing economy company like ZipCar instead of paying a monthly car payment for a car they b arly use. Following the scotch recession, many Americans lease become less wasteful in using their economic resources. In addition, more Americans are expressing an interest in being more lovingly conscious of green initiatives and other accessible responsibilities (Neilson). These trends have resulted in a new focus on shared resources. Beyond just the economic benefits, good go away and company shapeing are serious drivers of the sharing economy. Today, people who feel the burden of the current economic period may prefer to rent or sell to their peers instead of giving their business to major corporations.Furthermore, the Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) business model is allowing many separ ates to exploit their own resources to gain additional income without the high startup costs and long-term commitment for business sustainability. Although the idea of sharing is an old idea, the ability for sharing to generate improvement is relatively new. The sharing economy is greatly influenced by online commerce and social media. Online commerce has made it easier forpeers to share their goods and services with one another using trusted financing services through websites such as PayPal. Social media has helped spread the economic and individual(prenominal) benefits of the sharing economy and has served as the fundamental marketing diaphysis for the growth of countless collaborative consumption companies. Companies functioning primarily in the sharing economy consistently urge their substance abusers to share their checks via Facebook, cheep and other social networks. These social platforms have become so integrated in web transactions that once a customer has confirmed or paid, they are prompted to flat post their money-saving or moneymaking success immediately to their social media page of choice.Also referred to as collaborative consumption, the social economy follows the idea that people ordain first use what they have, borrow, swap, make and thrift items before they actually buy something stigmatize new (Anderson). The marketers of these sharing economy companies primarily target a some segments but are constantly expanding. Urban areas and members of the X and Y genesiss are signalise demographics for the sharing economy. Demographically, the majority of sharing economy companies will target propagation Y due to their concern for environmental and social issues that influence their decision to save and reuse resources (Kotler, Philip, and Kevin Lane Keller, Chapter 8). Statistics show that the newest generation of adults buys fewer cans and fewer cars than its predecessors (Ciccone). Furthermore, Generation Y is attracted to unconve ntional practices such as the sharing economy and is highly social, able to spread the word.Generation X is more likely to be those who are renting out their goods and services. As Generation X has more responsibilities, they enjoy the extra income that helps them finance their obligations, such as children and paying a mortgage. People are collaborating informally in their communities out of both necessity and as a lifestyle choice. A sharing economy company should concentrate on put uping, networking and aim to ensure its success (Olson). Branding is key because sharing economy companies want consumers to have confidence in their brand. The sharing economy is at an advantage, being relatively new with a market that is interconnected through online commerce and social media.Outside of spreading the work, a sense of community is create within the network. Finally, a sharing economy company has to concentrate on customer experience. Customers are looking for ease ofuse and product value. When these desires are met, consumers will return to use the service as well as recommend it to others. One very successful example of a company with the sharing economy employing these factors is Airbnb, who in less than a decade has built a major competitor to the centuries old hotel industry.WHAT IS AIRBNB?Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia founded Airbnb in San Francisco, when they began renting out airbeds in their apartment to people attending a local conference to generate additional income in 2008. The early business model for Airbedandbreakfast.com, later renamed Airbnb, focused on large conferences such as the egalitarian and Re domainan Conventions, which created bustling business in the 2008 election year. In 2009 the founders, now including Gebbias former roommate and tech wiz Nathan Blecharczyk, received $600,000 in inseminate funding from Sequoia Capital. In that same year, acknowledging that renting to complete strangers made many people uncomfortable, Chesky and Gebbia flew to New York City, home to many of their users, to meet with hosts in person and survey for potential improvements.This was an unusual strategy for an internet company but it later proved to be profitable. Over the next two years, Airbnb made several(prenominal) key strategic changes that gave it direction and force in the marketplace. Of particular note was the establishment of Airbnbs brokers payment model and the decision to stimulate in professionals to photograph host homes. By the end of 2011, Airbnb had gone international and reached critical mass (Geron). Forbes estimates that Airbnb likely lost money in 2012 in privilege of accelerating growth, a hit the company could withstand due to the influx of capital from various Silicon Valley venture capital firms (Geron). Their market penetration is comparatively strong, according to Tech Crunch, with Airbnbs booking expected to have surpassed that of Hilton in 2012 (Empson), and hosts renting to an estimated 2.5 meg people according to the Economist (All eyes on the sharing economy).The Wall Street Journal valued Airbnb at $2.5 billion in October 2012, and Privco projected their revenues for that year to be at $180 million (Melby). In exchange for customer support, website maintenance and various redress and security features, Airbnb employs a broker-style payment model, taking a portion ofthe rental price amongst 6% and 12% from the guest, depending on the property price, and a 3% service fee from the host (Geron). Airbnb has come into its own fiscally, slice still maintaining an identity that, though not especially anti-corporate, is certainly fresh, young and innovative. From the company logo, with its broad, curly lettering and informal design, to its emphasis on direct interaction with potential users, Airbnb has built its brand for the generation inspired by innovation.The motto travel like a human emphasizes the difference between the traditional, impersonal, corporate travel experie nce and the opportunity Airbnb presents to users to build their personal networks with hosts in far off places, at a lower cost. As is perhaps to be expected with an internet company, Airbnb relies heavily on social media to create and perpetuate its brand identity. A key aspect of the company brand is the travel experience. They post a traveler of the week on their Facebook, Twitter and Google Plus pages, and recently concluded a photo contest using Instagram, with Airbnb travel credits as the prize. While the choice of prize may be a bit opportunistic, the interactive concept to use the mainstream photo-sharing app, and the reward both fit well with the Airbnb brand and kept the focus on travel or else than profit motive. Naturally, travelers blog posts that mention Airbnb, whether they focus on the company or simply mention it in passing, are often promoted through re-tweets and posts on the Airbnb blog.The experience of travel is only one facet of a company identity that is as carefully well-rounded and appealing as its users. Airbnb also emphasizes its interest in the popular local movement with its Living Local shows, a part of its AirTV series. Each online episode features a tour of a unique Airbnb host property, and interviews with the broadly personable host or hosts. Beyond that, Airbnb is aware of the appeal of its unique and tech-centric business model to engineering and tech nerds. The company provides content catering directly to this audience through its specific engineering blog nerds.Airbnb.com and its Tech Talk YouTube series, where young tech enthusiasts present on innovative new technologies and how they can and are being harnessed to build businesses (YouTube). These videos, generally around an hour in length, provide an in-depth review of current technological and business innovations.Airbnb also uses social media to class itself with other organizations, not unlike cross branding, whichestablishes Airbnb as culturally present and ec onomically innovative while also eliminating the costs of a major publicise campaign. Their Facebook page, for example, lists SXSW, TED, staring(a) America, Lonely Planet and Business Punk as organizations that Airbnb Likes. Each of these associations strengthens their brand Virgin America connects them to another untraditional travel company and to Virgins maverick CEO, Richard Branson, whose appeal to young professionals has made him by far the most followed Influencer on professional social media site LinkedIn (LinkedIn Today Top minds, big ideas).Similarly, their public association with SXSW reveals a cultural affinity in line with that of their clientele, and functions in tandem with the demand for lodging during the festival, to which Airbnb has dedicated a specific slit of their site. Through these efforts, the company has branded itself as young, innovative and culturally and technically savvyall traits that exist outside of its travel-focused revenue stream, but which a re inherently appealing to the clientele, both hosts and guests, on which Airbnb relies.AIRBNB FOR GUESTSAirbnbs business model focuses on consumer-to-consumer (C2C) transactions based on trust. Its model is similar to the popular C2C marketplace of eBay where buyers and sellers secure in transactions that are each evaluated by individuals for their take aim of risk on the basis of detailed profiles, history, product, price and other resources. However for Airbnb, the relative level of investment for guests and hosts is significantly higher on a per transaction basis. Travelers are risking their vacation experience, safety and in most cases, a relatively higher buck value than a single product purchase. Hosts are offering their homes, their personal privacy and their own safety, as well as their living experience for the clip that their place is secured by a guest. With these personal investments in mind, the success of Airbnbs ability to instill confidence, trust and safety thr oughout their network was critical to the success of the company.Airbnbs roadmap to build safety and security for their renters includes a private messaging system that allows users to learn about each other antecedent to booking while holding private information to be disclosed at a later time. Another system is Airbnbs verified ID badge where users will say their social networks such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Airbnb reviews and official documentation from their photo ID and/or passport. With the verification of all of these resources matching up, those users will receive a Verified ID badge with their account information demonstrating to other users that their identification has been vetted. In April of 2013, Airbnb began randomly selecting users to complete this profile and expect to have this expanded worldwide for all Airbnb members in the coterminous future.Over the last two years, Airbnb has made efforts to increase their resources to expand security and sustain the trust in t he marketplace by doubling the size of their customer support staff with 247 support, creating a dedicated Trust & Safety department and designing tools to verify user profiles and facilitating richer communications between guests and hosts prior to booking. With these basic features, the usability, consistency and accessibility to hosts and the Airbnb support group continue to be critical characteristics to Airbnbs service roadmap. Although, when travelers are shopping they also have the office of maximizing their use of these tools and take care in evaluating their own transaction risk by perusing host profiles, reviews, social networks and even connecting with their host on a regular basis.AIRBNB FOR HOSTSHosts are just as much Airbnbs customers as guests so while they must inspire guests to stay in an individuals residence, Airbnb must simultaneously inspire trust and confidence in the Airbnb model for hosts. Airbnbs actions and interactions with hosts and potential hosts are meant to project an image of control, confidence and community for the host, with a particular focus on doing so administratively, financially and socially. To simplify and centralize the hosting process, Airbnb manages all the administrative functions of becoming a host, which provides a support system and harborion for the host and his or her property. Rather than having hosts build a new website for their rental, the site is already created (in multiple languages and currencies) and all he or she must do to get started is create a profile. Airbnb has a free customer service team to help first-time hosts understand the process. While Airbnb makes it clear on their website that understanding tax income and legal status for hosts is theresponsibility of the host, Airbnb provides reference documents and answers to common questions on their website.Although Airbnb maintains the site architecture, hosts are in complete control over the rental price, amenities and house rules. Airbnb i n some cases will even offer free professional photography for host properties. A secure online payment system is built into the website to batten down complete, on-time payment directly to the host (Why Host). Hosts are essentially allowing a stranger into their home (or boat, treehouse, etc.) so a sense of control is key for their confidence in this model. To do so, Airbnb creates systems to offer protection to hosts persons and property. Hosts have total control over who rents their listing. A potential guest puts in a engagement request through the online system and then the host has 24 hours to accept or decline the request. During this time the host and potential guest can get through the website communications system and reference the aforementioned verified ID system. However, the rental address is not given out until the owner accepts the guest and hosts also have access to the 24-hour customer service hotline (Trust).Since most hosts are renting uncreated residences or rooms, protecting against potential damage is much more important than if this was a hotel or business. While normal renters or homeowners insurance is the responsibility of the host, in 2011 Airbnb launched its Host undertake property protection program. In May 2012, it took insurance underwritten by Lloyds of London to extend the Host Guarantee to up to $1 million in property damages. This covers guest damages beyond the screen background of reasonable wear and tear in 23 countries. No additional cost or actions are required for the host to have this protection (Guarantee). The financial incentive is a key reason people become hosts. In a survey of members of Airbnb in San Francisco in November 2012, over 90% of hosts rented their ancient residences to visitors and spent almost half the income they made on living expenses (Lawler). To encourage more people to become hosts and to support existing hosts, Airbnb also focuses on facilitating the financial aspects of renting. First ly, it is free to create a listing using Airbnb.For online payments, the guest submits payment and once the reservation is accepted Airbnb processes and collects the payment in full. Airbnb holds the payment until 24 hours after(prenominal) check-in (and after the guest-host walk through). This helps uphold host cancellation policies and provides a neutral third-partyfor financial exchange. The Airbnb website also facilitates cleaning fees which are held until the property is vacated. The secure payment of fees and workout is a key way Airbnb builds confidence for hosts in addition to the social and cultural aspects of hosting. While the first reason most hosts decide to rent their space is financial, another reason is a desire to meet new people, show off their city and be part of the shared economy.Airbnb allows hosts to rent out primary and secondary residences, but 50% of hosts rent private rooms in their residence while they are on that point (Life). On the Airbnb site, ther e are numerous forums and guides for people to learn about becoming a host, exchange ideas and form a deeper community within the sharing economy. The social community built in Airbnb, plus the financial and administrative support systems, encourage new and repeat hosts to open their homes and lives up to the world because they trust in the brand and system created by Airbnb.NEXT STEPSAirbnbs success did not come without the expected growing pains of any startup company, and especially one absolute a dominant market share in the new sharing economy. While its impact on the tourist trade, individual income, revenue to small businesses and economic stimulation are remarkable, the personal price some individuals have had to pay using Airbnbs service is important not to overlook. From city-issued sanctions to individuals violating lease regulations, to vandalism of personal property and identity theft, the safety, benefits, opportunity costs, and sustainability of Airbnbs service has b een questioned in the media. To alleviate some of these concerns and remain a viable business, Airbnb should examine these obstacles in an effort to make for awareness through its community. They can continue to find ways to provide a more comprehensive and scrutinized ID verification process for all of their users to minimize the existence of bad apples.The level of care that hosts place on evaluating their individual transaction risk and understanding of regulations specific to their city has a direct impact on their safety and success as an Airbnb host. Through consumer forums, hosts, guests, and potential consumers and guests can communicate on a network to learn from their peers. Airbnb should also consider expanding the countries cover and the items covered under theHost Guarantee to increase host protections locally and internationally. Moving forward, Airbnb has to be conscious of the popular pitfalls fellow sharing economy companies have faced. In a Campbell Mithun study, consumers were concerned with the following, in descending order What I lend could get lost or stolen, I might not trust others in the network, my privacy might be compromised, sharing is not worth the effort, and the goods or services might be of poor quality (Olson). As described above, Airbnb has interpreted necessary measures to help defend the safety and privacy of its host and guests. However, as the sharing economy evolves, this could get more difficult and new safety concerns can arise that Airbnb will impoverishment to resolve quickly. cooperative consumption represents a major economic, social and cultural shift as it moves out of infancy and toward acceptance. These companies need to find the balance between the potential of the sharing economy and the standing regulation of the government. The current brick and mortar companies that are participating in highly-regulated industries like hotels or rental cars now have to compete with services that do not go through the s ame rigorous levels of inspection or qualifications to ensure public safety (Lawler). Sharing economy companies could make a solid argument for self-regulation. Airbnb should take care that they currently have the proper management to ensure there are no nefarious parties in their business dealings and that their brand is strong enough to self-regulate (Lawler). For a well-rounded approach, shared economy companies should look towards or at least be aware of how the government may impose regulations to see how they might help or hinder Airbnbs progress.There will come a time when companies like Airbnb will need to defend their unconventional and minimally regulated services, and should now put into place a team that can defend them. Lobbying municipal and state governments in high usage areas is a more traditional but still relevant area for Airbnb to protect its business model and by extension its users. The greatest advantage that collaborative consumption has when defending their stance to the economy is that they exist to help people in their communities to meet their goals (Metcalf, Warburg).These companies need to leverage their community-based benefits as a way to gain support and appeal to those wanting greater government intervention. Preparation and understanding of user needs, government regulations and economic trends will bridge the nascent sharedeconomy into a strong, sustainable economic force. Therefore, if Airbnb continues to focus on building a brand that consumers can trust in and created mechanisms to support hosts and guests then it can be a durable, profitable company for years to come.WORKS CITEDAirbnb. YouTube. sack. 27 June 2013. https//www.youtube.com/user/AirbnbAnderson, Lauren. Collaborative Consumption Directory Visualized. Collaborative Consumption. Collaborative Consumption, 30 May 2013. Web. 01 July 2013. http//www.collaborativeconsumption.com/2013/05/30/collaborative-consumption-directory-visualized.Ciccone, Alicia. The Shari ng Economy. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 05 Sept. 2012. Web. 01 July 2013. http//www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/05/the-sharing-economy_n_1857201.htmlEmpson, Rip. CEO Brian Chesky Says Airbnb Will Be Filling More Room Nights Than All Hilton Hotels By The End Of 2012. TechCrunch., 12 Dec. 2012. Web. 29 June 2013. http//techcrunch.com/2012/12/12/cloudera-ceo-mike-olson-by-december-31st-airbnb-will-be-filling-more-room-nights-than-hilton-hotels/Geron, Tomio.Airbnb and the Unstoppable Rise of the Share Economy. Forbes, 11 Feb. 2013. Forbes.Guarantee. Airbnb. Web 30 June 2013. https//www.Airbnb.com/guaranteeLawler, Ryan. Airbnb Our Guests Stay Longer and drip More Than Hotel Guests, Contributing $56M to the San Francisco Economy. Tech Crunch. 9 November 2012. 30 June 2013. http//techcrunch.com/2012/11/09/airbnb-research-data-dump/Lawler, Ryan. Balancing Innovation And Regulation In The SharingEconomy.TechCrunch. Crunchbase, 9 Dec. 2012. Web. 01 July 2013. http//techcrunch. com/2012/12/09/balancing-innovation-and-regulation-in-the-sharing-economy.Life Airbnb. Web 30 June 2013. https//www.Airbnb.com/lifeLinkedIn Today Top Minds, Big Ideas. LinkedIn.com. Web. 29 June 2013. http//www.linkedin.com/today/influencers?trk=tod3-top-nav-filterKotler, Philip, and Kevin Lane Keller. Chapter 8 Identifying Market Segments and Targets. Marketing Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ learner Hall, 2012.Melby, Caleb. Who Will Get Rich from Sky High Airbnb Valuation? Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 19 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 June 2013. http//www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2012/10/19/peter-thiel-may-invest-150-million-in-airbnb-at-2-5-billion-valuation/Metcalf, Gabriel, and Jennifer Warburg. A Policy Agenda for the Sharing Economy.SPUR.com. The Urbanist, Oct. 2012. Web. 02 July 2013. http//www.spur.org/publications/ library/article/policy-agenda-sharing-economy.Olson, Kristine. Campbell Mithun. Campbell Mithun. 8 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 July 2013. http//www.campbell-mithun.com/678_nation al-study-quantifies-reality-of-the-sharing-economy-movement.Temple, James. Google Places Draws Complaints from Yelp, Others. SFGate. San Francisco Chronicle, 29 June 3011. Web. 27 June 2013. http//www.sfgate.com/business/article/Google-Places-draws-complaints-from-Yelp-others-2352896.phpThe Globally, Socially Conscious Consumers. The Global, Socially Conscious Consumer. Nielson, 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 01 July 2013.

Impact of Mother-Son Relationship Essay

In the advent of single-parenthood within the nation and along with the controversial emergence of the reproductive health bill as a major quality of the year 2008, an attempt to look into the increasing concern on the population increase serves as the starting point for this study. The researches felt the need to conduct encourage study on the said domain, specifically focusing on the development of the sons who were brocaded by single mothers.The general objective of the current study is to pick up out the impact of mother-son relationship in the formation of social-psychological attributes by males embossed by single mothers. Respondents of the study were composed of 30 males coming from the provinces of Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Bukidnon, and Bacolod City, whose age ranged from 13-36, and those who were raised by single mothers. Results rendered that males raised by single mothers perceived an ideal mother as someone who is caring, understanding, and loving, and an ideal father a s someone who is trustworthy or a good provider, wise, and loving and caring.Being raised in an atypical family type, males coming from single-parent family viewed an ideal family as intact, happy, full of love and care. The advantages of being raised by single mothers included being well taken-cared of, maturing early, and learning to be independent, while the lack of a male figure, financial deficiency, and the feeling of insecurity were on top of the list for the disadvantages of being in a single-parent family. Asking help from friends and relatives, doing nothing about the situation and self-reflection were some of the coping mechanisms of these males.Attitude toward marriage (x=3. 48) and levels of self-esteem (x=3. 95) were positively correlated to the level of self-disclosure of males raised by single mothers. This means that males who feel comfortable to disclose any information about themselves towards their mothers are close likely to have a positive outlook toward marr iage and are more likely to develop a higher level of self-esteem compared to those who foreclose their thoughts to themselves.

Line Between Tough Love and Child Abuse Essay

Poets and authors have tried to define love for centuries, whereas scientists have only recently started. M some(prenominal) of us know intuitively that love is a major purpose for living (Blueprint, 2013) that connection is inherent in every last(predicate) that we do, and without love, we piece of tail non survive as a species. further what is love, and how do we know when were in it? First , lets start off with what love isnt. If someone asks you to do or say something that isnt in your nature, that isnt original love. Smith, 2002) Although love does involve compromises between partners, someone who is in love with you will never ask you to change who you are in order to be loved. True Love is caring. The ancient Greeks had more different names for different forms of love passion, virtuous, affection for the family, commit, and general affection. But no be how love is defined, they all hold a common trait caring. (Blueprint, 2013) True Love is attractive. Attraction and che mistry form the bond that allows people to mate.Without this romantic desire for another individual, a relationship is nothing more than lust or infatuation. True Love is attached. Like the mother- boor bond, attachment comes after the initial attraction. Attachment is the commodious term love that appears anywhere from one to three years into a romantic relationship (sometimes sooner and very rarely after), and youll know youve found it when you can honestly say, (Smith, 2002) Ive seen the worst and the best you have to offer, and I still love you, while your partner feels the same way. True Love is committed.When it comes to true love, loading is more than just monogamy. Its the knowledge that your partner cares for you and has your back, no matter what the circumstances. state who are strongly committed to one another will, when faced with on the face of it negative information about their partner, see only the positive. For example, a friend comments that your partner doesnt say a lot. Ah yes, hes the strong, silent type, you reply. People with less commitment to their partner would instead say something like, Yeah, I can never have conversation with him.Its annoying. True Love is Intimate. Intimacy is a crucial component of all relationships, regardless of their nature. In order to know another, you need to share parts of yourself. This self-revealing behavior, when reciprocated, (Teicher, 2000) forms an delirious bond. Over time this bond strengthens and level(p) evolves, so that two people merge closer and closer together. Intimacy by itself if is a great friendship, but compiled with the other things in this list, it forms an equation for true love.Within the minimum standards set by CAPTA, each State is amenable for providing its own definitions of child aversion and take out. Most States recognize four major types of ill-treatment physical evil, neglect, sexual ill-use, and emotional abuse. Although any of the forms of child maltreatment may be found separately, (Blueprint, 2013) they often occur in combination. In many States, forsaking and parental substance abuse are to a fault defined as forms of child abuse or neglect. The examples provided below are for general informational purposes only.Not all States definitions will include all of the examples listed below, and individual States definitions may cover additional situations not mentioned here. Physical abuse is no accidental physical injury (ranging from peanut bruises to severe fractures or death) as a result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, shaking, throwing, stabbing, choking, hitting (with a hand, stick, strap, or other object), burning, or otherwise psychic traumaing a child, that is inflicted by a parent, health professional, or other psyche who has responsibility for the child. Perry, 2002) Such injury is considered abuse regardless of whether the angel dust intended to hurt the child. Physical discipline, such as spanking or paddling, is not considered abuse as long as it is reasonable and causes no bodily injury to the child.Neglect is the failure of a parent, guardian, or other caregiver to provide for a childs basic needs. (Perry, 2002) Neglect may be physical (failure to provide necessary food or shelter, or wishing of appropriate supervision), medical (e. g. failure to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment), educational (e. g. , failure to educate a child or attend to special education needs), or emotional (e. g. , inattention to a childs emotional needs, failure to provide psychological care, or permitting the child to use alcohol or other drugs). These situations do not always mean a child is neglected. Sometimes cultural values, the standards of care in the community, and pauperism may be contributing factors, indicating the family is in need of information or assistance. Teicher, 2000) When a family fails to use information and resources, and the childs health or safety is at risk, then c hild welfare intervention may be required. In addition, many States provide an exception to the definition of neglect for parents who choose not to seek medical care for their children due to religious beliefs that may prohibit medical intervention. Sexual abuse includes activities by a parent or caregiver such as fondling a childs genitals, penetration, incest, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure, and exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials.Sexual abuse is defined by CAPTA as the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct or the rape, and in cases of caretaker or inter-familial relationships, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation of children, or incest with children. Emotional abuse (or psychologi cal abuse) is a pattern of behavior that impairs a childs emotional development or sense of self-worth. This may include constant criticism, threats, or rejection, as well as withholding love, support, or guidance. Emotional abuse is often difficult to prove and, therefore, (Teicher, 2000) child protective services may not be able to intervene without evidence of harm or mental injury to the child. Emotional abuse is almost always present when other forms are identified.Abandonment is now defined in many States as a form of neglect. (Perry, 2002) In general, a child is considered to be abandoned when the parents identity or whereabouts are unknown, the child has been odd alone in circumstances where the child suffers serious harm, or the parent has failed to maintain contact with the child or provide reasonable support for a specified period of time. Tough love simply means that if your child decides to do anything that can harm him/her or others that you have to love your child a dequate to take a stand against that behavior.If this means that you have to report your child to the authorities, whether the law or teachers, then you need to do it. It also means that if you set about that you need help with your child for whatever reason that you should ask for it. There is nothing shameful about having a child who is out of control. It happens to the best of parents. What would be shameful is not to do anything. The fastest and best way to implement tough love techniques with your child is to simply start do them fully responsible for their own actions. (Blueprint, 2013) hold outt pay or legal representation, dont bail them out with teachers, and dont interfere in the subjective consequences that may happen. Sometimes, you may even need to go further in the case of a child putting others in danger via drinking or drugging and driving. Take the car, take the money, take the phone, remove all privileges, and if that doesnt work, you may have to call the polic e on your child who is practicing illegal behaviors. Dont give multiple warnings and threats. (Teicher, 2000) Teenagers just stop believing you, if you dont back up your words with actions.Giving natural consequences a vigor in the right direction can go far in helping your child, while youre still there for emotional support as long as theyre doing the right thing, can help a child straighten their life out before they are on their own. minor abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. turn physical abuse might be the most visible, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse and neglect, also leave deep, lasting scars. The earlier abused children get help, the greater chance they have to heal and break the cyclerather than perpetuate it.By acquisition about common signs of abuse and what you can do to intervene, you can make a huge difference in a childs life. While physical abuse is shocking due to the scars it leaves, not all child abuse is as obvious. Ignoring childrens n eeds, putting them in unsupervised, dangerous situations, or making a child feel worthless or stupid are also child abuse. Regardless of the type of child abuse, the result is serious emotional harm. An estimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglect in 2006 (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008).While physical injuries may or may not be immediately visible, abuse and neglect can have consequences for children, families, and society that last lifetimes, if not generations. The impact of child abuse and neglect is often discussed in harm of physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences. In reality, however, it is impossible to separate them completely. Physical consequences, such as damage to a childs growing brain, can have psychological implications such as cognitive delays or emotional difficulties.Psychological problems often manifest as high-risk behaviors. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to sm oke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. High-risk behaviors, in turn, can lead to long-term physical health problems such as sexually transmitted diseases, cancer, and obesity. This factsheet provides an overview of some of the most common physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences of child abuse and neglect, while acknowledging that much crossover among categories exists.The immediate emotional cause of abuse and neglectisolation, fear, and an inability to trustcan translate into lifelong consequences including low self-esteem, depression, and relationship difficulties. (Teicher, 2000) Researchers have identified links between child abuse and neglect and the following In one long-term study, as many as 80 per centum of young adults who had been abused met the diagnostic criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder at age 21. These young adults exhibited many problems, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicide attempts (Silverman, Reinherz, & Giaconia, 1996).Other psychological and emotional conditions associated with abuse and neglect include panic disorder, dissociative disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and reactive attachment disorder (Teicher, 2000). The National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being recently found children fit(p) in out-of-home care due to abuse or neglect tended to score lower than the general population on measures of cognitive capacity, language development, and academic deed (2003). Children who are abused and neglected by caretakers often do not form secure attachments to them.These early attachment difficulties can lead to later difficulties in relationships with other adults as well as with peers (Morrison, Frank, Holland, & Kates, 1999). Not all victims of child abuse and neglect will experience behavioral consequences however, child abuse and neglect appear to make the following more likely Studies have found abused and neglected children to be at least 25 percent more likely to experience problems such as delinquency, teen pregnancy, low academic achievement, drug use, and mental health problems (Kelley et al. , 1997).A National Institute of referee study indicated being abused or neglected as a child increased the likelihood of arrest as a juvenile by 59 percent. Abuse and neglect increased the likelihood of adult criminal behavior by 28 percent and violent crime by 30 percent (Widom & Maxfield, 2001). Research consistently reflects an increased likelihood that abused and neglected children will smoke cigarettes, abuse alcohol, or take illicit drugs. harmonise to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, as many as two-thirds of people in drug treatment programs reported being abused as children (2000).

Hawaii’s Annexation to the US

History is rife with instances of nations wielding power over independent states as a means to gain socio-political or economic ends. In the case of the US, numerous factors buoyed its resolve to acquire territories during the 1890s. world-class of these is that resource-rich countries showed promise of fueling an industrial America. On the other hand, there was the influence of naval strategists. They succeeded in elaborate the over all in all view to American political leaders that there are vast benefits in acquiring territories and ports of strategic naval importance.Under the guise of Manifest Destiny, which rationalized superior nations imperialist expansion in the mid- to after-hours 1800s, the US proceeded to aggressively expand and take control of nations, among them Hawaii. Hawaiis Annexation to the US The appropriation of Hawaii to the United States was preceded by a sequence of events that finally take to that crucial turning tear down in history. Still reeling fro m the ruins and desolation of the Civil War, America had speedyly marshalled efforts to promote its interests and embark on an evident colonization of countries that offered it distinct advantages.Before it plunged head-on into an aggressive territorial expansion, it kept a wary middle both on foreign territories that were ideal for its commercial interests, as well as on dominant European powers that were also expanding beyond their borders and establishing colonies. Political and business leaders put forth the idea that the rapid industrial development of the United States required the acquisition of foreign territories to gain easier access to vital lancinate materials (Tindall and Shi, 2006, p. 59). The desire for new markets to be exploited economically eventually turned to coveting nations and creating an American empire, at all expense. William H. Seward, the United States Secretary of State from 1861 to1869, believed that the United States first had to remove all foreign interests from the northern pacific coast and gain access to that regions valuable ports (Tindall & Shi, 2006, p. 862) if it intends to successfully conquer Asian markets.A strategic imperialistic ploy adopted to indirectly take control over the economic intent of a nation was to visualize into switch over accords with them. Many years after the signing of a knowledge treaty, came the sealing of the 1875 reciprocal trade agreement between Hawaii and the US, under which Hawaiian sugar would enter the United States duty-free and Hawaii promised that none of its territory would be l sticking(p) or granted to a third power (Tindall & Shi, 2006, p. 86 3).This precipitated the next events that would lead to Hawaiis annexation. Decades earlier, economic treaties had been offered to Hawaii by Great Britain and France, but the US had asserted itself to uphold its interests in Hawaii. The latter had actually signed trade and peace treaties with the United States, England and other forei gn nations, each recognizing Hawaiis independence (Sforza, 1996, para. 5) and this is why on hindsight, it sees the broken agreement with the US as some sort of betrayal.In retrospect, back in 1820, American missionaries from Boston in 1820 stayed in Hawaii and soon turned out to be powerful sugar planters and politicians who served as advisers to the regnant monarchy (Sforza, 1996, para. 5). Queen Liliuokalani sought to shift power back to the monarchy, but the rapid succession of events eventually led to political turmoil engineered mainly by the American planters hoping to take advantage of the subsidy for sugar crowing in the United States (Tindall Shi, 2006, p. 64). The imprisoned Queen Liliuokalani had issued a statement that pointed to the role of American diplomat, John L. Stevens in the conspiracy to overthrow the Kingdom of Hawaii. Amidst the commotion, a committee representative of the group that seized power from Hawaiis reigning Queen Liliuokalani had shown up in the US seat of judicature in Washington with a treaty calling for Hawaiis annexation to the US. President Grover Cleveland opposed the treaty and had attempted to restitute the queen to power while seeking to provide amnesty to the coup instigators (Tindall Shi, 2006, p. 864). In December 1893, he expressed, By an act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress, the government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has been overthrown (Sforza, 1996, para. 13).Party politics and other issues, however, eased Cleveland out of office. As fate and US maneuvering would have it, Hawaii was eventually annexed to the US in 1898 at the urging of President William McKinley (Annexation of Hawaii, n. d. , para. 3). The island state became a territory in 1900. Statehood was deferred until a bipartisan via media linked Hawaiis status to Alaska, and both became states in 1959 (Annexation of Hawaii, n. d. , pa ra. 3).ReferencesSforza, Terry (1996). Hawaiis annexation a story of betrayal. Retrieved September 20, 2008, from http//www.hawaii-nation.org/betrayal.html Tindall, G., & Shi, D. (2006). America a narrative history (7th ed.). New York W.W. Norton & Co.

Questions and Issues of Affirmative Action

Question at Issue favourable do was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equalise. The tension of the 1960s polite rights movement had made it very clear, that the nations nonage and female population were non receiving equal social and frugal probability. The implementation of approbatory achieve was Americas first honest attempt at solving a worry, it had previously chose to ignore.However, there argon m either flock that dont see approbative deed as a confident(p) solution to this major societal job of racial inequality. These people feel that affirmatory action uses retrogression discrepancy to acquit the problem of disagreement in the study. The Enthymeme Affirmative action uses renounce variety to exploit the problem of discrimination because Affirmative action makes employers take to prefer from the vanquish visible(prenominal) employee from the minorities, instead of having the contingency to choose simply the best employee.A= Affirmative action v1= uses B= reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination Because A= Affirmative action v2= makes C= employers commence to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the happening to choose the best available employee. Assumption Anything that makes employers take up to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having to simply choosing the best available employee uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination.Assumption and earreach The assumption for this paper provide appeal to employees who do not qualify for Affirmative action, as easily as employers and minorities. Employees not qualifying for Affirmative action feel shortchanged receivable to the event employers, for a slighter skilled employee, bypassed them. They feel tricked by the government or the minority therefore firing up racism among the bypassed group, while Affirma tive action was introduced to decrease racism.Employers also feel as if they have ended up with a lesser skilled employee therefore increasing the amount of lesser quality work. Employees provided with equal opportunity jobs bear the mark of not being the best pick, just only the best pick from a limited group. Organization Question at Issue Does Affirmative action use reverse discrimination to solve discrimination? Definition of A Affirmative action is an active effort to improve the manipulation or pedagogicsal opportunities for members minority groups and women.A -* C Relationship Affirmative action causes federal contractors/employers to choose from the best available employee from the minorities instead of choosing the best available employee from the whole Definition of B Reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination is employ discreet treatment against a discolor male or female instead of a obscure male or female to solve a problem of racial inequality . A -* B Relationship Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination.Definition of C Employers ability to choose the best available employee from the whole instead of a discern minority is the step to the forecome of affirmative action. It insures that minorities are recruited to have real opportunities to be hired in the workplace. C -* B Relationship By employers having to choose from the best of a minority group for use preferably than just simply the best employee, reverse discrimination is used to solve the problem of discrimination. This is due to the fact that unequal opportunity is given to the minority.This argument would be represented in an editorial form due to its appeal to the common every(prenominal)day man trying to make an honest living. Affirmative Action anger Affirmative action is the U. S. program set forth in the early 1970s to correct the effects of recent discrimination by giving prejudiced treatment to women and ethnic minorities in the workplace. At the time of affirmative actions induction to society, proponents of affirmative action programs felt that the only way to increase the number of minorities in the workplace was to establish a clay of quotas to be maintained by virtue.However, by forming and maintaining these jurisprudences over the past xxv years, a development of an entirely new set of problems arose problems that would fuel controversy over affirmative action. A majority of people are dissatisfied with current affirmative action policies, but are unconnected to eliminating them completely Americans hold tenaciously to notions of family and liberty, but they also believe in a sort of just about equality of opportunity that gives the underdog a real chance in life (Kahlenberg 209).Once necessary, affirmative action programs have out full of lifed their usefulness, and promote discrimination by continuing to allow for unfair hiring forms. Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination because it makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility of simply choosing the best available employee. The primary refinement of affirmative action programs was to increase the number of minorities, including women, in the workplace.The American connectedness for Affirmative Action states that they are dedicated to the advancement of affirmative action, equal opportunity and the elimination of discrimination on the basis of draw, gender, ethnic background or any other beat that deprives people of opportunities to live and work, (AAAA Sept. 1998). Most people would agree that goal has been realized. There was a expressed ingest for action to enlighten individuals and corporations to the negative results of their prejudices. It is unlikely that corporations would have taken the initiative to hire from the minority groups had it not been for government intervention.Affirmative action has created numerous opportunities for women and minorities in this country. It would be difficult to argue that these programs were not short essential in making draw close toward the semi-equality that we have today. However, affirmative action has incessantly been a compromise, and with the progress made, a price has also been paid. Affirmative action must now be rethought and restructured. Laws created preference programs that were found in the conscience of the American people and in their commitment to equal treatment,(Roberts & Statton 67).The racial quotas that we experience today are blatant perversions that are illegitimate under the statutory language of the Civil Rights Act (Roberts & Stratton 67). If the goal is true equal opportunity employment, removal of all advantages and allowing people to be hired for their skills and abilities only should occur. go along to allow for unfair hiring practices, affirmative action programs pro mote discrimination. Using reverse discrimination, defined as the discerning treatment against white males instead of black males or women of any race, to solve the problem of discrimination will always receive criticism for its hypocrisy.For example, in 1965, the Newport News Shipbuilding Co. buckled under the heavy hand of the EEOC, who had solicited complaints by knocking on the doors in black neighborhoods. The company reluctantly concur to promote 2,890 of its five super C black workers, designating 100 blacks as supervisors, and agreed to a quota system. One shipyard worker stated that the EEOC had done its best to set black against white, labor against management, and discombobulate everybody. (Roberts & Stratton 93).Another example of this reverse discrimination was in the education system the public case of Cheryl J. Hopwood, Douglas W. Carvell, Kenneth R. Elliott, and David A. Rogers. They filed discrimination charges again the State of Texas stating they were discrimi nated against and denied entrance money to the University of Texas School of Law. The college granted admission to less qualified African American and Mexican American applicants through the use of a quota system. This practice of preferential admissions for minorities furthers the practice of reverse discrimination, now not just in the workplace, but also in the naturalise systems. This creates animosities between workers that lead to further segregation, defeating the intentions of the programs entirely.Through the demise of race-dividing policies, underrepresented individuals shielded by affirmative action would be forced to compete, on a level playing field, for jobs and admission to colleges and universities. Competition has nothing but positive effects and is crucial in accelerating capitalism. The debilitating effects of affirmative action and quotas hinder an individuals require to compete in society. Destroying discrimination caused by past offenses may never have perfec t solutions, therefore, creating sound arguments for maintaining the existence of equal opportunity programs.But, to continue to offer one group opportunity, due only to their minority status, at the cost of another is wrong. Non-minorities continue to feel that their rights have been violated and that they are being penalize for crimes that they had no fragmentise in committing. And when non-minorities are subject to the same discrimination, they have little recourse under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, white males can have no grounds for discrimination lawsuits until they are statistically underrepresented in management and tonal pattern positions.The 1991 Act, in effect, repealed the 1964 act by heavyizing racial preferences as the core of civil rights law (Roberts & Stratton). Regardless of proficient intentions, changing the past effects of discrimination is a goal that is far from reach, however, not unattainable. Women and minorities should be entitled to enjoy the same s uccesses as the rest of the country, without the fear of being seen as the donee of entitlements. Business induceers should be free to make born(predicate) hiring decisions based on a persons skills and talents, without the fear of penalisation from the government. As Marsha M. tates, Affirmative action is used not to level the playing field, but used to bullyrag employers into jobs, raises and promotions for Black Americans and women. The growing tensions that result from these programs continues to divide races, not bring them closer together. Ultimately, either quotas will go or democracy will, because legal privileges based on status are incompatible with democracys requirement of equal standing before the law (Roberts & Stratton 177). Allowing different sets of rules and lower standards to separate people based on race or sex, defeats any efforts made toward finally ending discrimination.Today every American has access to employment and educational opportunities. Americans live in a man of free enterprise where they can create their own successes. Americans have the means to achieve and succeed, they just have to have the drive and incentive to go out into the world and do it. As in every aspect of life some things may not come easily. Yet these experiences make one stronger and sometimes even more determined to achieve their goals. Individuals of any race should not use or convolute the color of their skin or sexual orientation for advancing themselves over others.These problems are what fuel the controversy over affirmative action. Most people are dissatisfied with current affirmative action policies, but are opposed to eliminating them completely Americans hold doggedly to notions of family and liberty, but they also believe in a sort of rough equality of opportunity that gives the underdog a real chance in life (Kahlenberg 209). Once a necessary evil, affirmative action programs have outlived their usefulness, and promote discrimination by cont inuing to allow for unfair hiring practices.The primary goal of affirmative action programs was to increase the number of minorities in the workplace. Most people would agree that that goal has been realized. There was a definite need for action to enlighten individuals and corporations to the negative results of their prejudices. It is unlikely that corporations would have taken the initiative to hire from the minority groups, had it not been for government intervention. Affirmative action has created numerous opportunities for women and minorities in this country.It would be difficult to argue that these programs were not absolutely essential in making progress toward equality that we have made today. The American Association for Affirmative Action states that they are dedicated to the advancement of affirmative action, equal opportunity and the elimination of discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnic background or any other criterion that deprives people of opportunitie s to live and work (AAAA Sept. 1998). However, affirmative action has always been a compromise, and with the progress made, a price has also been paid.Affirmative action must now be rethought and restructured. Laws created the preference programs were based in the conscience of the American people and in their commitment to equal treatment. The racial quotas that we experience today are blatant perversions that are illegal under the statutory language of the Civil Rights Act (Roberts & Stratton 67). If the goal is true equal opportunity employment, removal of all advantages and allowing people to be hired for their skills and abilities only should occur. By continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices, affirmative action programs promote discrimination.Using reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination will always receive criticism for its hypocrisy. By requiring corporations to fulfill quotas, the affirmative action laws promote the hiring of less qualified wor kers. For example, in 1965, the Newport News Shipbuilding Co. buckled under the heavy hand of the EEOC, who had solicited complaints by knocking on the doors in black neighborhoods. The company reluctantly agreed to promote 2,890 of its five thousand black workers, designating 100 blacks as supervisors, and agreed to a quota system.One shipyard worker stated that the EEOC had done its best to set black against white, labor against management, and disconcert everybody. (Roberts & Stratton 93). This creates animosities between workers that lead to further segregation, defeating the intentions of the programs entirely. Another example of this reverse discrimination was in the education system the public case of Cheryl J. Hopwood, Douglas W. Carvell, Kenneth R. Elliott, and David A. Rogers. They filed discrimination charges again the State of Texas stating they were discriminated against and denied admission to the University of Texas School of Law.The college granted admission to less qualified African American and Mexican American applicants through the use of a quota system. This practice of preferential admissions for minorities furthers the practice of reverse discrimination, now not just in the workplace, but also in the school systems. Affirmative action has never been a perfect solution and people will always have valid arguments for maintaining its existence. But, to continue to offer one group opportunity, due only to their minority status, at the expense of another is wrong.Non-minorities continue to feel that their rights have been violated and that they are being punished for crimes that they had no part in committing. And when non-minorities are subject to the same discrimination, they have little recourse Under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, white males can have no grounds for discrimination lawsuits until they are statistically underrepresented in management and line positions. The 1991 Act, in effect, repealed the 1964 act by legalizing racial prefer ences as the core of civil rights law (Roberts & Stratton).Regardless of good intentions, changing the past effects of discrimination is an unattainable goal. Women and minorities should be entitled to enjoy the same successes as the rest of the country, without the fear of being seen as the beneficiary of entitlements. Business owners should be free to make intelligent hiring decisions based on a persons skills and talents, without the fear of penalty from the government. As Marsha M. states, Affirmative action is used not to level the playing field, but used to strong-arm employers into jobs, raises and promotions for Black Americans and women.The growing tensions that result from these programs continues to divide races, not bring them closer together. Allowing different sets of rules and lower Standards to separate people based on race or sex, defeats any efforts made toward finally ending discrimination. Ultimately, either quotas will go or democracy will, because legal privile ges based on status are incompatible with democracys requirement of equal standing before the law (Roberts & Stratton 177). Today every American has access to employment and educational opportunities. Americans live in a world of free enterprise where they can create their own successes.Americans have the means to achieve and succeed, they just have to have the drive and incentive to go out into the world and do it. As in every aspect of life some things may not come easily. Yet these experiences make one stronger and sometimes even more determined to achieve their goals. Individuals of any race should not use or misuse the color of their skin or sexual orientation for advancing themselves over others. Instead by using their talents, knowledge and sense of fairness to achieve their goals, affirmative action will become outdated.

Sources of Capital: Owner’s Equity

Owners right as a Source of Capital Sources of ceiling come in two fakes debt and rectitude. Obtaining persistent majuscule through law is the capital supplied by the entitys owners. It is the owners share in the financial support of all the assets. Richard Scott, United States accounting professor wrote, one of the most deep-seated, and incontrovertible concepts embraced by accounting system today is that of owners equity. Through analysis of the case, we found this to be true. There are unlike finance costs both a familiarity and its investors face when considering equity financing.It is strangely fascinating that very much times, equity financing becomes much costly than debt financing. The analysis of opportunity for both sides of the transaction, financier and debtor, requires multiple formulas and calculations. Options for financing vary in pre-tax dinero and return on enthronization. For this reason, the options should be thoroughly analyzed to find the trou nce yield for both parties, company and investor. Innovative Engineering Company was founded as a partnership, and within five years became a thriving business bringing with it both success and the need for new permanent capital.The two partners, Gale and Yeaton, estimated the capital need at $1. 2 million. Initially, the partners found interested investors, but none automatic to risk their personal assets by participating in a partnership. Though incorporation is to a greater extent costly and subject to numerous regulations, it provides limited liability to its investors and the ability to raise capital through bonds and stock. The partners planned to form a corporation to secure investors. Under incorporation, owners equity becomes stockholders equity.The two types of equity are purchased equity, consisting of preferred stock, greenness stock, and paid in capital, and that of pull in equity, also referred to as kept up(p) earnings. The later represents profits earned by the company and retained in the business. Owners equity is shown on the balance sheet and within the statement of owners equity in a companys financial statements, and is most commonly influenced by income and dividends. Four proposals were developed to attempt to understand the needs of investors in the Innovative Engineering case and the two original partners struggled to maintain ownership authorisation. proposal A includes a $1. million long-term loan, giving Arbor Capital Corporation 10% common stock. marriage offer B includes $200,000 debt, $900,000 preferred stock, and $100,000 common stock. Proposal C includes $600,000 debt, $600,000 equity with 40% common stock. Proposal D includes $300,000 debt, $900,000 equity with 50% common stock. Calculating the implications of each proposal is necessary to seek elevate investors and find the best option for both sides of the transaction. Gale and Yeaton assumed an interest cost of debt at 8% and a dividend rate for preferred stock at 10%. They also assumed pessimistic, best guess, and optimistic variables.The applicable tax rate is 34%. The return on common shareholders equity earned under each of the three income assumptions is as follows Proposal A Debt = $1,100,000 Taxes= 34% Payment on Debt = $1,100,000(. 08) = $88,000 parking lot Stock = $1,000,000 pessimistic NI Interest Expense+ Tax Savings/ plebeian Stock = $100,000 88,000+34,000 = 46,000/1,000,000 = 4. 6% Best Guess $300,000-88,000+102,000 = 314,000/1,000,000 = 31. 4% rosy $500,000 88,000+170,000 = 514,000/1,000,000 = 51. 4% Proposal B Debt = $200,000 Payment on Debt = $200,000(. 08) = $16,000 best-loved Stock = $900,000 Dividend Payment for favored Stock = $900,000(. 0) = $90,000 Common Stock = $100,000 Common Shareholders equity = 1,000,000 Taxes = 34% Pessimistic NI-Interest Expense-Preferred Div+ Tax Savings/Common Stock $100,000-16,000-90,000+34000 = 28,000/1,000,000 = 2. 8% Best Guess $300,000-16,000-90,000+ 102,000= 296,000/1,000,000 = 29. 6% Optimistic $500,000-16,000-90,000+170,000 = 564,000/1,000,000 = 56. 4% Proposal C Debt = $600,000 Payment on Debt = $48,000 Common Stock = $1,500,000 Taxes = 34% Pessimistic NI-Interest Expense+Tax Savings/Common Stock $100,000-48,000+34,000 = 86,000/1,500,000 = 5. 7% Best Guess $300,000-48,000+102,000 = 354,000/1,500,000 =23. 6% Optimistic 500,000-48,000+170,000 = 622,000/1,500,000 = 41. 47% Proposal D Debt = $300,000 Common Stock = $1,800,000 Taxes = 34% Pessimistic NI-Debt+Tax Savings/Common Stock $100,000-24,000+34,000 = 110,000/1,800,000 = 6. 1% Best Guess $300,000-24,000+102,000 = 378000/1,800,000= 21% Optimistic $500,000-24,000+170,000 = 646,000/1,800,000 = 35. 89% From this, we see proposal D is the optimal investment strategy for Arbor Capital Corporation. The three income assumptions provide higher returns at a more constant rate than the other proposals. For Innovative Engineering Company, proposals A and B are more ideal for meeting their control needs.For a further analysis of earnings, the pre-tax earnings and return on investment are calculated as follows Pre-Tax = 100,000 / (1-. 34) = 151,515. 15 Proposal A Debt = $1,100,000 Common Stock = $100,000 Interest = $88,000 Dividend = $21,200 Pre-Tax hire = $109,200 (sum common stock and debt) Return on coronation = 9% (pre-tax earnings / $1,200,000) Proposal B Debt = $200,000 Preferred Stock = $900,000 Common Stock = $100,000 Interest = $16,000 Preferred Dividend =$90,000 Common Dividend =$10,000 Pre-Tax Earnings = -$64,000 Return on investing = -5% Proposal C Debt = $600,000 Common Stock = $600,000Interest = $48,000 Common Dividend = $240,000 Pre-Tax Earnings = $288,000 Return on Investment = 24% Proposal D Debt =$300,000 Common Stock = $900,000 Interest = $24,000 Common Dividend = $450,000 Pre-Tax Earnings = $474,000 Return on Investment = 40% Again, proposal D shows the most promise for Arbor Capital Corporation, with larger pre-tax earnings and a greater return on investment. Innovative E ngineering Company is in a slap-up position and has options. They should not consider proposal B. Proposal A will give them greater control over the company but comes with large debt financing and is risky.They should consider other investors and should look at options much(prenominal) as warrants. They should further research their options for a large loan. We have found debt financing can be cheaper than equity financing and should be considered. We are certain Innovative Engineering Company could find more attractive financing than proposal D. They should have more options, because their need is success driven versus a start-up company. From away research we have found there is a natural definition of market efficiency relating capital stock and investment flow.Obviously, equity finance should not be used if it becomes more expensive than debt financing. The company can create value by managing these sources of capital, finding an optimal balance of both. Works Cited Anthony, R. N. , Hawkins, D. F. & Merchant, K. A. (2007). Accounting school text & Cases (12th ed. ). Boston McGraw-Hill Irwin. Frieden, Roy (2010). Asymmetric information and economics. Physica A. plenty 389 Issue 2. Scott, Richard (1979). Owners Equity, The Anachronistic Element. The Accounting Review. Volume 4.